Showing posts with label Definitions. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Definitions. Show all posts

What is East Group and West Group?

East group and West group relate to orientations such as sleeping directions. These groups are part of bazhai (Eight Mansions, Eight Houses, etc.). The numbers are assigned according to the Luoshu (Later Heaven Diagram).

These "home directions" are determined by the year of birth. The directions can apply to a house or a person, an animal, a housing development, etc. Where they occur in a structure must be determined with a compass.

It is not necessarily a terrible thing if you are East group and sleep in a West group direction, or West group and sleep in an East group direction. Everything depends on your unique situation. There are situations where this change of direction is advised by a practitioner, based on their detailed analysis of a house.

East group people

If you are in the East group you are assigned these directions.
North — Kan (1)
East — Zhen (3)
Southeast — Xun (4)
South — Li (9)

West group people

If you are in the West group you are assigned these directions.
Southwest — Kun (2)
Northwest — Qian (6)
West — Dui (7)
Northeast — Gen (8)

What is "geomancy"?

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term "geomancy" (literally earth-prophecy) first appeared in a document printed in English in 1362.

You can find this first mention of geomancy in Piers Plowman by William Langland. Geomancy is unfavorably compared to the level of expertise a person needs for astronomy. In 1386 Chaucer used the "Parson's Tale" to poke fun at geomancy in Canterbury Tales.

You have the sense that two of the most popular books in English history made fun of geomancy because there was a good reason.

Geomancy has always been a method of divination that interprets markings on the ground or how handfuls of dirt land when you toss them. It was explained as divination (in the same sentence with pyromancy and hydromancy) in the best-selling Travels of Sir John Mandeville (1400), as "geomantie that superstitious arte" in a book of alchemy (1477), and defined in a book of Agrippa's magic (1569) as a form of divination "which doth divine by certaine conjectures taken of similitudes of the cracking of the Earthe."

The medieval version (where we pick up the literary trail) indicates divination by dot patterns formed according to precise rules about random figures drawn in the dirt. Each pattern has a name (such as Amissio, Fortuna Major, Puella and Rubeus). The two "constellations" Puella and Rubeus are found in the remarks about "geomancie" in Canterbury Tales. You can find a few mentions of geomancy in Shakespeare's plays.

When Christian missionaries encountered feng shui in 19th century China they had nothing in Europe or the US to compare with except this medieval form of divination. They called feng shui "geomancy." Books by missionaries labeled feng shui as geomancy. And, sad to say, the name stuck.

Contrary to what people would like you to believe, there are no "universal geomantic traditions" and many cultures do not have such practices. The idea of a "universal" tradition was the brainchild of John Michell in his book The View Over Atlantis.

What is "feng shui"?

The Chinese term "feng shui" is a form of shorthand for a quote from the Book of Burial (third c. BCE):
The qi that rides the wind stops at the boundary of water.
Notice there's no mention of placement, laws of nature, symbolic language, spirit, potential, et al. Those words identify 20th-century American concepts that have been grafted onto feng shui by commercial interests.

Feng shui is a protoscience that began in China more than 6,000 years ago. It began as an adaptive response to the local environment that combined (at least) home building and astronomy -- and often much more.
Taipei was the last Asian city consciously designed under Feng Shui principles in the 19th century. The system refers to the figure of the mystic dragon. The old city was located on a carefully selected dragon's vagina-like basin area between the dragon's tail-like mountain flank and riverside. This kind of area is considered safer and probably less prone to seismic activity, as earthquake records show. -- Chi ti-nan

Basics

The site that attracts water is optimum, followed by the site that catches the wind. In the Eranos Yearbooks (Man and Time, 1957) Professor Max Knoll provided intriguing research that traditional feng shui tracks space weather in the form of ion radiation and contrary cyclical effects, including climate changes and induced earth currents. A practitioner using a Luopan (compass) observes geomagnetic field anomalies (low-amplitude, localized magnetic irregularities in space-time). Those observations are the basis for analyses of open land and structures.None of this applies to modern types of feng shui -- Black Sect, Pyramid, Western, and all the rest -- because their methods are completely different. On this site the modern variants are called McFengshui.

History

The earliest evidence is dated at 4000 BCE, but considering how it was practiced, and what is now known about Neolithic Chinese astronomy, it is much older than that. Early Yangshao houses at Banpo were oriented to the asterism Yingshi ("Lay out the Hall" as it was known in the Warring States period and early Han era). Yingshi corresponded to the sun's location shortly after the winter solstice.

Environmental science

Aligning the houses with Yingshi provided the people at Banpo with environmental efficiency because the arrangment sited the houses for solar gain. This astronomy-derived alignment of homes enabled people to enjoy warm houses in winter because of the orientation. People also enjoyed cool houses in the summer because the orientation kept the sun out.

Yingshi was known as Ding in the Zhou era. When Ding was overhead it was time to build a capital city, according to the Shijing. Yingshi (Ding) continued to be used to orient all capital cities in China up to and including Beijing. Today, whenever possible, Chinese still build their homes facing south.

Exploding the Myth

Feng shui works only for settled cultures. It has similar names throughout Asia in the cultures that adapted it for their use (Vietnam, Korea, and Japan, for example). Although some people claim that all cultures use some form of feng shui, there is no evidence for the claim.
Because people are the heart of the universe they should be able to determine their own fate.
— from the Yijing
Feng Shui is not an excuse to lay on the couch and expect that a mirror or wind chime can fix everything in your life. In Chinese tradition, Feng Shui is third on the list after what you were born with and what you do with your gifts — that means your life is still your responsibility.
… the art of laying out grounds after the Chinese manner is exceedingly difficult, and not to be attained by persons of narrow intellects.
— William Chambers (1723-96)

Space Clearing, Space Cleansing, and Feng Shui

The advertisers claim space clearing (also known as space cleansing)
  • is a "simple proven technique that immediately and profoundly cleanses and heightens the energy in an environment"
  • "removes unwanted energy from your space"
As scams go, space clearing is a classic Tom Sawyer stunt: someone else does the work and pays Tom for the privilege.

No space-clearing people can prove to you that your space needs their services — unlike the services of a painter, chimney sweep, exterminator, or a carpet cleaner. The concept of space needing clearing is all in your head."Stuck energy" is a belief system, not a fact. Real energy doesn't get "stuck." It would violate laws of physics and common sense.

Space-clearing is for people who do not think clearly. They call a space-clearing consultant because they believe their life is not going the way they want. House cleaning becomes a form of sympathetic magic that enables them to achieve the life that matches their expectations.

Why feminists and most men have no patience for space clearing:
  • It is illogical.
  • It is demeaning.
  • It is magical thinking more typically associated with preschool children.
For example, if you are concerned that your career is "stuck" why would you remedy the problem by calling a consultant about cleaning your house? That says to the rest of the world the problem is not your career. Common sense says that if you're faced with this situation you concentrate on the career, not on how you keep house (unless, of course, your career is in the house-cleaning business).
Middle-class Americans in the mid-nineteenth century sought to protect themselves from moral and physical contamination by the poor. The proper home was now viewed as a refuge from the world, and the preferred middle-class neighborhood was at a distance from the tenement districts. The middle classes further distinguished themselves from their social inferiors by their fastidious attention to domestic and personal cleanliness.  — Peter C. Baldwin: "How Night Air Became Good Air, 1776-1930." Environmental History Volume 8, No. 3 (July 2003)

Space clearing is the Empress's New Clothes.

If you call a carpet clearner and they do a good job, you can observe a difference in the carpet (you can see a Before and After). You can make them come back and clean the carpets again if you cannot see a difference.

What proof do you have that the space-clearing lady actually cleared your space? You don't. You have your housekeeping, and you have your belief.

You may believe that Santa Claus is a real person, but does that make Santa any more real for the rest of us?

Techniques have process and procedure — consider the many techniques that cleaning services use to clean houses and businesses. The techniques don't vary much. There are countless books that explain the techniques in many different ways, but eventually they all result in something being noticeably cleaner (that is, you can observe the Before state and an After state).


Space clearing is not a "technique" because it has no process, no procedure, and varies too widely in its application. If you walk into a building you've never been in before, you have no way of knowing whether the space has been cleared unless someone tells you.

And what if they tell you it has been cleared but it hasn't? You are influenced by your beliefs. If they tell you it hasn't been cleared and it has, that influences your beliefs, too. You have no measurable or observable way to gauge whether the state of the space changed as a result of the clearing, so you believe whatever you are told. A hidden camera could easily demonstrate your gullibility.

That is what makes space clearing a belief system — the Empress's New Clothes.